第三章：总图先背下来 —— Rails 这座工务署到底怎么运转

浏览器 / 客户端
      |
      v
+----------------------+
|   Router 路由总调度   |
+----------+-----------+
           |
           v
+----------------------+
| Controller 受理窗口  |
+----------+-----------+
           |
     +-----+-----+
     |           |
     v           v
+---------+   +------------------+
|  View   |   | Model / Services |
| 公告视图 |   | 档案与业务对象    |
+----+----+   +--------+---------+
     |                  |
     v                  v
+----------------+  +------------------+
| Layout /Partial|  | Active Record    |
| 外立面/预制件   |  | ORM + 查询 + 关系 |
+----------------+  +--------+---------+
                             |
                             v
                      +--------------+
                      |  Database    |
                      |  城市档案馆   |
                      +--------------+

旁路系统：
Generator / Scaffold  = 快速搭样板楼
Active Job            = 后台慢活运输车
Action Mailer         = 通知公函
Active Storage        = 图纸/附件仓库
Turbo / Stimulus      = 局部刷新与轻交互
Action Cable          = 实时广播